All the medical operations that deal with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of any nervous disorder are termed as neurosurgeries. These include the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system. A variety of symptoms such as paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, etc. may originate as a result of neurological disorders.
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Neurosurgery (or Neurological Surgery) is the
medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and
rehabilitation of disorders that affect the entire nervous system including the
brain, spinal column, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial
cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery is a branch of the surgery discipline
which focuses on the brain and spinal cord. It is an extremely advanced form of
surgery, requiring many years of training, and a high level of precision and
experience on the part of the surgeon.
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Craniotomy: A craniotomy is a procedure to remove a
lesion in the brain through an opening in the skull (cranium). A craniotomy is
a type of brain surgery. It is the most commonly performed surgery for brain
tumor removal. It also may be done to remove a blood clot (hematoma), to
control hemorrhage from a weak, leaking blood vessel (cerebral aneurysm), to
repair arteriovenous malformations (abnormal connections of blood vessels), to
drain a brain abscess, to relieve pressure inside the skull, to perform a
biopsy, or to inspect the brain. Craniotomy is distinguished from craniotomy
(in which the skull flap is not immediately replaced, allowing the brain to
swell, thus reducing intracranial pressure) and from trepanation, the creation
of a burr hole through the cranium in to the durra mater.
Rhizotomy: Rhizotomy is the cutting of nerve
roots as they enter the spinal cord. Rhizotomy (also called dorsal Rhizotomy,
selective dorsal Rhizotomy, and selective posterior Rhizotomy) is a treatment
for spasticity that is unresponsive to less invasive procedures. Rhizotomy is
performed under general anesthesia. The patient lies face down. An incision is
made along the lower spine, exposing the sensory nerve roots at the center the
spinal cord. Individual nerve rootlets are electrically stimulated. Since these
are sensory nerves, they should not stimulate muscle movement. Those that do
(and therefore cause spasticity) are cut. Typically, one quarter to one-half of
nerve rootlets tested are cut.
Corpus Callosotomy: Corpus Callosotomy is a
treatment for epilepsy, in which a group of fibers connecting the two sides of
the brain, called the corpus callosum, is cut. It is used to treat epilepsy
that is unresponsive to drug treatments. A person with epilepsy may be
considered a good candidate for one type of epilepsy surgery or another if he
or she has seizures that are not adequately controlled by drug therapy, and has
tried at least two (perhaps more, depending on the treatment center's
guidelines) different anti-epileptic drugs. The purpose of this treatment is to
prevent spreading of seizure activity from one half of the brain to the other.
The brain is divided into two halves, or hemispheres, that are connected by a
thick bundle of nerve fibers, the corpus callosum. When these fibers are cut, a
seizure that begins in one hemisphere is less likely to spread to the other.
This can reduce the frequency of seizures significantly.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Stereotactic radiosurgery
is the use of a precise beam of radiation to destroy tissue in the brain. This
procedure is used to treat brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations in the
brain and in some cases, benign eye tumors or other disorders within the brain.
It works the same as all other forms of radiation treatment. It does not remove
the tumor or lesion, but it distorts the DNA of the tumor cells. The cells then
lose their ability to reproduce and retain fluids. The tumor reduction occurs
at the rate of normal growth for the specific tumor cell. In lesions such as
AVMs (a tangle of blood vessels in the brain), radiosurgery causes the blood
vessels to thicken and close off. The shrinking of a tumor or closing off of a
vessel occurs over a period of time. For benign tumors and vessels, this will
usually be 18 months to two years. For malignant or metastatic tumors, results
may be seen in a few months, because these cells are very fast-growing.
Meningocele repair: is surgery to repair birth
defects of the spine and spinal membranes. Meningocele and myelomeningocele are
types of spinal bifida. The surgery is necessary to close this abnormal opening
to decrease the risk of infection and protect the integrity of the spina column
and the tissue inside. A myelomeningocele is the most severe type of spina
bifida because the spinal cord has herniated into the protruding sac. Neural
tissue and nerves may be exposed. About 80% of myelomeningoceles occur at the
lower back, where the lumbar and sacral regions join. Some people refer to
myelomeningocele as spina bifida. Because of the exposed neural tissue,
significant symptoms may be present.
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Neurosurgery in India's tophospitals is
extremely successful on account of theworld class operation theatres and
cutting edge technology that is available to neurosurgeons in India.
For example:
- · Stereotactic Radiosurgery Suite
- · Brain Suite (with Capability for Intra-Operative High-End Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- · Neurosurgery Theatre for Endoscopic Procedures
- · X-Knife for Radio Surgeries
- · High Accuracy Computer Assisted Neurosurgery with Operation Theatre Linkage to CT Scanner and MRI Machine
- · Microsurgical Instruments for Neurosurgeries
- · Gamma Knife or Radiosurgery
- · Linear Accelerators ( LINACs) / CyberKnife for Radiosurgery
- · Neuro-Intervention Laboratory
- · Neurosurgerytheatre with Imaging Support for Spine Surgeries
Treatment of brain and spine
disorders are becoming less invasive with the advent of better imaging and interventional
technologies. Interventional neuroradiologists in India now offer a wide range
of minimally invasive neurosurgeries through angioplasty, placement of stents,
treatment of vascular tumors, large aneurysm, embolization for resolution of
arteriovenous malformations, etc
A huge cost difference is evident in India when it
comes to Neurosurgery. India is cheaper along with zero patient wait lists.
Interestingly, the quality delivered at such a low cost doesn’t compromise the
quality of treatment, as the foreign patients are accustomed to get in their
respective country. This is due to the outburst of the private sector which is
comprised of hospitals and clinics with the latest technology and best
practitioners. The following cost comparison can give a right picture of the claim
behind low cost treatment with quality:
Procedure
|
USA ($)
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UK($)
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India
($)
|
Neurosurgery with Hypothermia
|
23,000
|
21,000
|
6,500
|
Brain
tumor surgery
|
12,000
|
10,000
|
4,500
|
DBS
|
28,500
|
26,000
|
17,000
|
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