Showing posts with label Gamma Knife Surgery for Brain. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gamma Knife Surgery for Brain. Show all posts

Friday, 17 April 2015

TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD BRAIN TUMORS IN INDIA


The world of childhood brain tumors has no “Welcome” sign leading into it. No matter what anyone says to minimize the situation, this statement is the most painful sentence a human can hear. The combination of fear, shock and pain can be too much to bear.
“To see such innocence, so roughly shaken by this terrible trial, at such a young age, is nothing short of incomprehensible.” I still hear this sentence, uttered by a visibly shaken parent. Instead of becoming more routine and distant, the visceral terror that it engendered in me (the supposed all-knowing physician/advisor), my delivery of such information has grown more and more difficult, even personal. I watch my own small children grow and develop. As a physician, one realizes that more than ever, there is no place for impersonal behavior when caring for the children who are afflicted by a brain tumor, benign or otherwise, and for their families as well. No amount of experience or training can help one to ease or minimize the situation.
When we discuss special areas such as:
  • Outcome: Does “excellent long-term results” mean a ten-year survival for a 3-year old– your child living long enough to be frustrated by death at the age of thirteen? We parents think only of 50 and 60 year plans. Five- and ten-year plans are unacceptable. We want to know that our grandchildren will not live to see their parents die at a young age.
  • Quality of life: Does that mean that a 5-year old child will have no hair, be skinny and slow to walk and play with his friends and classmates? How can we parents bear to live through the process of trying to give our child a childhood instead of a world of I.V. tubes, doctors who speak of life-and-death, hospital corridors and toys that our children will never play with?
  • Doctors: Who are they? Can we do anything to keep them human, warm, and caring for our child? How do we deal with our own resentment for the fearful news, difficult therapies and their human frailty? How do we keep our child happy to see them? Most children cringe at the mere mention of visiting a doctor-with-a-shot-to-give, or a visit to the dentist with his drills and instruments.
  • Hospitals: How do we keep these innocents away from such large and frightening monoliths?
  • We parents: How can we possibly bear all of this without frightening our little, loving child?
  • Hope: Yes, there IS hope! God and goodness are your guide. Your child is truly a precious gift. No matter what cards we are dealt, a child’s joy and innocence are somehow never lost. In the worst of times, a child’s pain often becomes the parent’s teacher. And when we expect the best for our children, we often get it despite all odds.
TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD BRAIN TUMORS
Surgery:- In some cases the definitive treatment is surgery. In most, however, surgery serves as a temporizing measure that will keep a child out of trouble for long enough to get through definitive therapy that will hopefully eliminate of the tumor. Brain surgery is usually the easiest part of a child’s treatment.
Shunting:- Quite often (e.g. medulloblastomas) childhood tumors present the blockage of the fluid spaces of the brain, (obstructive hydrocephalus). In shunting, a thin silastic tube (the shunt) is placed into the fluid spaces of the brain and passed under the skin into the child’s abdomen where the fluid is absorbed.
Chemotherapy:- Unfortunately, chemotherapy is the hard part of brain tumor treatment. It is only required for more aggressive tumors. As a rule, chemotherapy should be even more aggressive than the tumor itself. The trials which are imposed both on the child and parents are many. Bravery and an unremitting attitude of hope are required by all involved.
Radiation:- Because the developing brain of a child is so very sensitive to radiation therapy, it is deliberately limited. The irony of effective radiation therapy is that when it works well, the brain damage it causes might exceed that done by the original tumor. More often than not, your doctor will recommend that if any radiation is to be given, it should be held off until the child has grown older and the brain has sufficiently matured.
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  • The treatment of these tumors usually include a combination of approaches, each tailored to deal with the problems that children are presented with:

Sunday, 8 February 2015

The brain tumors found most often in children - Childhood Brain Tumor Facts

Childhood Brain Tumor Facts

Brain and spine tumors are the second most common cancers in children after leukemia. 

Brain Has Crucial Roles

The brain controls many important facets of everyday life, including emotions, thought, speech, vision, hearing and movement. The brain sends messages throughout the body via the spinal cord and cranial nerves in the head. The network of the brain and spinal cord is called the central nervous system (CNS). Tumors can develop in the spinal cord and cranial nerves.
The hard, bony skull protects the brain, and the bones (vertebrae) of the spine protect the spinal cord. A liquid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounds both the brain and the spinal cord.
The brain has four main parts:
Cerebrum: The outer and largest part of the brain. It has two halves called hemispheres and is responsible for:
  • Emotions
  • Reasoning
  • Language
  • Movement of muscles
  • Senses of seeing, hearing, smelling, touch
  • Perception of pain
Basal ganglia: Found deeper inside the brain, these play a part in muscle movement.
Cerebellum: At the back of the brain, this section helps control and coordinate movement, such as walking and swallowing.
Brain stem: Located at the base of the brain, the brain stem has nerve fibers that carry messages between the cerebrum and the rest of the body. A small but important area, the brain stem plays a part in breathing and heartbeat.

Childhood Brain Tumor Types

Because the brain and spinal cord are made up of many kinds of tissues and cells, many types of tumors – both benign and malignant– can develop in these areas. These tumors may require different treatment and have different outlooks.
Even when brain tumors are benign, they can cause serious problems. Although non-cancerous brain tumors usually grow slower than cancerous brain tumors, they may damage and press against normal brain tissue or the spine as they grow.
Childhood brain and spinal cord tumors differ from adult tumors. The location where they develop, the type of cell in which they develop, and their treatment and outlook often are different.
Brain tumors are classified by the types of cells they contain. This determines how they grow and what kind of treatment they require.
The brain tumors found most often in children are the following.
Medulloblastoma
Astrocytoma: These form in the cerebrum in cells called astrocytes. They usually grow slowly, but higher-grade tumors spread more quickly. Since they mix with normal brain tissue, they can be difficult to remove surgically. They may spread along pathways of CSF but seldom spread outside the brain or spinal cord. Glioblastoma is the highest grade astrocytoma and the fastest growing.
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: This dangerous tumor often has a poor prognosis. It grows in a vital area of the brain called the pons, which is in the brain stem.
Ependymomas develop in the brain lining, usually in the posterior fossa or along the spinal cord in glial cells. About five percent of childhood brain tumors are ependymomas. They begin in cells that line the ventricles or central canal of the spine. Ependymomas do not usually spread outside the brain or spinal cord, but they may block CSF, causing hydrocephalus.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET): These aggressive tumors can develop anywhere in the brain, but they are usually in the frontal, temporal or parietal lobes.
Pineoblastomas: A type of PNET that develops in pineal gland and can be difficult to treat.
Craniopharyngiomas: These slow-growing tumors start above the pituitary gland but below the brain. They may press on the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, causing hormone problems. Since they start near the optic nerves, they can cause vision problems and be difficult to remove without damaging vision.  
Mixed glial and neuronal tumors: Certain tumors that develop in children and young adults (and rarely in older adults) have both glial and neuronal cell components. They tend to have a fairly good prognosis.
  • Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs) look as if they could grow quickly when viewed under the microscope, but these tumors tend to be fairly benign, and most are cured by surgery alone.
  • Ganglioglioma is a type of tumor that has both mature neurons and glial cells. Most can be cured by surgery alone or surgery combined with radiation therapy.
Choroid plexus tumors: These rare tumors start in the choroid plexus within the ventricles of the brain. Most are benign and can be removed by surgery.

Other tumors that start in or near the brain

Meningiomas: These tumors begin in the meninges, the tissue around the outer part of the brain and spine. They may press on the brain or spinal cord. Meningiomas are almost always benign and are usually cured by surgery. If they are near vital structures in the brain, they may need additional treatment.
Chordomas start in the bone at the base of the skull or at the lower end of the spine. They can injure the nervous system by pressing on it. They usually do not spread to other areas.
Germ cell tumors: Developing from germ cells, which normally form eggs in women and sperm in men, these are rare tumors. They form in the fetus when germ cells move to abnormal locations, including the brain. Germ cell tumors of the nervous system are usually found in children, most commonly in the pineal gland or above the pituitary gland.

Brain metastases: Cancers that metastasize (spread) to the brain from other areas of the body are called metastases. These are treated differently than primary brain cancers.

Wednesday, 8 October 2014

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery uses radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors :Gamma Knife Surgery for Brain in India

What is Gamma Knife Surgery or Radiosurgery ?

Gamma Knife radiosurgery, also called stereotactic radiosurgery, is a very precise form of therapeutic radiology. Even though it is called surgery, a Gamma Knife procedure does not involve actual surgery, nor is the Gamma Knife really a knife at all. It uses beams of highly-focused gamma rays to treat small to medium size lesions, usually in the brain. Many beams of gamma radiation join to focus on the lesion under treatment, providing a very intense dose of radiation without a surgical incision or opening.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery is called “surgery” because a result similar to an actual surgical procedure is created by a one-session radiation therapy treatment. The beams of radiation are very precisely focused to reach the tumor, lesion, or other area being treated with minimal effect on surrounding healthy tissue.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery is most often used to treat tumors and other lesions in the brain. It is also used to treat certain neurological conditions, such as trigeminal neuralgia (a condition in which pressure on the trigeminal nerve causes spasms of extreme facial pain) and acoustic neuroma (a noncancerous tumor in the brain that affects the nerves that control hearing).
Gamma Knife radiosurgery may be used in situations where the brain lesion cannot be reached by conventional surgical techniques. It may also be used in persons whose condition is such that they might not be able to tolerate a surgical procedure, such as craniotomy, to treat their condition.
Because the therapeutic effects of a Gamma Knife procedure occur rather slowly over time, it is not used for persons whose condition requires more immediate therapy.
In what cases Gamma Knife Surgery is preferred in India?
Following are the conditions where Gamma Knife Surgery is successfuly used in India:
• Intracranial tumors such as acoustic neuromas, pituitary adenomas, pinealomas, craniopharyngiomas, meningiomas, chordomas, chondrosarcomas, metastases and glial tumors
•Vascular malformations including arteriovenous malformations
•Functional disorders such as Trigeminal neuralgia, Intractable pain , Parkinson’s disease, Essential tremors , Epilepsy and Obsessive-compulsive disorder
What are the advantages of Gamma Knife Surgery over traditional Open Surgeries?

•Non Invasive Procedure
•Very less or no complications
•Done on out patient basis so no admission required
•Cost of gamma kife surgery is lower than that of open surgery
•Minimal harm to the healthy tissue as compared to open surgery
•Very high success rate
Who can perform a Gamma Knife Surgery?
Gamma Knife Surgery is performed by a Neurosurgeon who is very well trained in performing the gamma knife surgery. In India there are some of the very good neurosurgeons for gamma knife surgery.

Back to your normal routine 

Once your treatment is complete, the head frame will be removed. If you had an angiogram, you might have to lie quietly for several more hours. Some patients experience a mild headache or minor swelling where the head frame was attached, but most report no problems. Your doctor will tell you whether or not he wants you to stay overnight for observation or if you can go home immediately. Either way, you should be able to return to work or your normal routine in another day or so.
The effects of your Leksell Gamma Knife treatment will occur over time. Radiation treatments are designed to stop the growth of tumors or lesions, which means they won’t disappear immediately but over a period of weeks or months. Your physician and Leksell Gamma Knife® team will stay in contact with you to assess your progress, which will include follow-up MRI or CT images in the near future and periodic check-ups.


For more information visit:          http://www.medworldindia.com       
                    
https://www.facebook.com/medworld.india
                                    
Please scan and email your medical reports  to us at care@medworldindia.com and we shall get you a Free Medical Opinion from India’s Best Doctors.

Call Us : +91-9811058159
Mail Us : care@medworldindia.com